Expected Value of a Binomial Distribution

Binomial distributions are an important class of discrete probability distributions. These types of distributions are a series of n independent Bernoulli trials, each of which has a constant probability p of success. As with any probability distribution we would like to know what its mean or center is. For this we are really asking, â€Å"What is the expected value of the binomial distribution?† Intuition vs. Proof If we carefully think about a binomial distribution, it is not difficult to determine that the expected value of this type of probability distribution is np. For a few quick examples of this, consider the following: If we toss 100 coins, and X is the number of heads, the expected value of X is 50 (1/2)100.If we are taking a multiple choice test with 20 questions and each question has four choices (only one of which is correct), then guessing randomly would mean that we would only expect to get (1/4)20 5 questions correct. In both of these examples we see that  E[ X ] n p. Two cases is hardly enough to reach a conclusion. Although intuition is a good tool to guide us, it is not enough to form a mathematical argument and to prove that something is true. How do we prove definitively that the expected value of this distribution is indeed np? From the definition of expected value and the probability mass function for the binomial distribution of n trials of probability of success p, we can demonstrate that our intuition matches with the fruits of mathematical rigor. We need to be somewhat careful in our work and nimble in our manipulations of the binomial coefficient that is given by the formula for combinations. We begin by using the formula: E[ X ] ÃŽ £ x0n x C(n, x)px(1-p)n – x. Since each term of the summation is multiplied by x, the value of the term corresponding to x 0 will be 0, and so we can actually write: E[ X ] ÃŽ £ x 1n x C(n , x) p x (1 – p) n – x . By manipulating the factorials involved in the expression for C(n, x) we can rewrite x C(n, x) n C(n – 1, x – 1). This is true because: x C(n, x) x n!/(x!(n – x)!) n!/((x – 1)!(n – x)!) n(n – 1)!/((x – 1)!((n – 1) – (x – 1))!) n C(n – 1, x – 1). It follows that: E[ X ] ÃŽ £ x 1n n C(n – 1, x – 1) p x (1 – p) n – x . We factor out the n and one p from the above expression: E[ X ] np ÃŽ £ x 1n C(n – 1, x – 1) p x – 1 (1 – p) (n – 1) - (x – 1) . A change of variables r x – 1 gives us: E[ X ] np ÃŽ £ r 0n – 1 C(n – 1, r) p r (1 – p) (n – 1) - r . By the binomial formula, (x y)k ÃŽ £ r 0 kC( k, r)xr yk – r the summation above can be rewritten: E[ X ] (np) (p (1 – p))n – 1 np. The above argument has taken us a long way. From beginning only with the definition of expected value and probability mass function for a binomial distribution, we have proved that what our intuition told us. The expected value of the binomial distribution B( n, p) is n p.

Interpersonal Communication And Social Care - 1257 Words

Although communication involves interaction between people, the person you are interacting with does not always need to be physically there with you. Think about something you have seen on the television, a song you have heard on the radio today, or a story you have read in a magazine or a newspaper – the person who is communicating with you is not there, but is still communicating with you, though different methods. Within health and social care, there are many different ways that communication occurs – a large amount of this is called interpersonal communication, namely taking place between two people. This could be speaking directly to someone using your service, such as a patient, or a relative, or speaking to other colleagues, health workers and professionals. Good communication skills are vital for a number of reasons, and are vital within health and social care to ensure that: †¢ positive relationships are developed with service users, their family and friends, to ensure the needs of the person are identified and met †¢ positive relationships are developed with work colleagues and the professionals that you will come into contact with †¢ information is shared by people involved in the care of the service user †¢ information about the work carried out with the service user is reported on Key terms Interaction – communication exchange that occurs between two people. Interpersonal – between people. Activity Make a list of all the different ways that you communicateShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Communication and Interpersonal Interaction in Health and Social-Care1186 Words   |  5 PagesThe role of communication and interpersonal interaction in health and social-care Introduction This assignment is centred on effective interpersonal interaction and good communication in health and social care which is achieved through the use of multiple communication methods and techniques and the analysis of how certain types of people think and communicate. P1 Explain the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in health and social care Key Terms Formal- The useRead MoreThe Role Of Communication And Interpersonal Interaction On Health And Social Care2926 Words   |  12 PagesAssignment 1: The Role of Communication and Interpersonal Interaction in Health and Social Care In a health and social care setting there are two different types of communication and those are verbal communication and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication is the way you talk to someone and non-verbal communication is your body language towards someone. Verbal Communication There are many different types of verbal communication. One is whether you have clear speech. Having clear speechRead MoreThe Effects Of Inappropriate Interpersonal Communication On Health And Social Care Settings1210 Words   |  5 Pagesdealing with inappropriate interpersonal communication between individuals in health and social care settings. I am reviewing the methods how to use interpersonal communication to deal with individuals in health and social care settings. Interpersonal communication is defined as the verbal and non-verbal interaction between two interdependent people (occasionally more). This comparatively is an easy definition suggests a variety of properties. Interpersonal communication process by replacing humanRead More- the Role of Effective Communication and Interpersonal Interaction in a Health and Social Care Setting.3197 Words   |  13 PagesUnit 2: Communication and values | | Yvette Moyo | Centre Number : 20669 | | | | | Contents Page * The role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in a health and social care setting. * Theories of communication Keywords: Communication Interpersonal skills Verbal language and examples Non verbal language examples Service user Care provider This report will cover the role and importance of effectiveRead MoreThe Role Of Effective Communication And Interpersonal Interaction On A Health And Social Care Context1952 Words   |  8 PagesExplain the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in a health and social care context. Communication is the way of exchanging information, receiving and giving a message to someone or more than one person, this is also known as passing information on by visuals, speech,writing,behaviour and signals. In a health and social care setting, Communication is incredibly important because service users needs need to have been met and the messages need to be clear for a person toRead MoreThe Role Of Effective Communication And Interpersonal Interaction Within A Health And Social Care Context?1702 Words   |  7 PagesP1) Explain the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in a health and social care context? Communication is the process of exchanging information, thoughts and feelings between people, through speaking, writing or body language. Effective communication is about more than just exchanging information. This concept makes sure that the transmitted message is received and understood by the other person in the exact way it was intended. However the other person has to demonstrateRead MoreThe role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in a health and social care context. (P1)1723 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in a health and social care context. (P1) This booklet aims to explain the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in a health and social care context. Effective communication in a health and social care context is important because things need to be heard and said clearly. An example of when effective communication is important is if a nurse is having a conversation with a doctor and discussing a patientsRead MoreUnderstand factors that influence communication and interpersonal interaction in health and social care environments2400 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Unit 1-Task 2 P3, P3, M2, D1 Understand factors that influence communication and interpersonal interaction in health and social care environments This booklet is about people who may have difficulty communicating with someone else and may need extra added help and how to overcome the communication barrier. One to one between a care worker and a service user who has a hearing impairment. It is morning and the service user is just getting up after a difficult night’s sleep and in turn willRead MoreP1 – Explain the Role of Effective Communication and Interpersonal Interaction in a Health and Social Care Context1589 Words   |  7 PagesP1 – Explain the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in a health and social care context Communication is highly important, especially in an elderly care setting. It is useful in many different ways and situations, for example; if the service user had vision impairments, it is important that the professional speaks loud and clearly pronunciating properly however is not patronising in any way making the service user feel uncomfortable. This gets important information, suchRead MoreExplain the Role of Effective Communication and Interpersonal Interaction Within a Health and Social Care Setting4822 Words   |  20 PagesExplain the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction within a health and social care setting By Ellena Hall Figure 1 Figure 1 Contents Page: Page 3: Introduction Pages 4-7: Main Text Pages: 8- 9 Conclusion Page: 10 Definitions Page: 11 Bibliography Introduction: I am writing this report to inform year 11 students about effective communication which can be used during work placement in a health and social care setting. This is due to concerns

Differences Between Coraline Movie And Movie - 1268 Words

Coraline: I compared and contrasted the book to the movie of Coraline. For starters, the book was released in 2002 and the movie was aired in 2009. Coraline was transformed into a movie to show more in detail of the character appearance and actions. Since the movie was released after the book, some additions to the movie include: the character, Wybie, the other mother swallowing the key, the full name of Mr. B., and what Coraline was searching for was different (book: souls’ movie: buttons). The majority of changes made between the book and movie were made in events and characters in the other world. Oddly enough the other mother is not a part of this change. The biggest change occurs when Coraline faces her other father. There is no†¦show more content†¦In the movie, they mix up characters and events from Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass. Alice is determined to be the Alice that should slay the Jabberwocky, but the Red Queen tries to kill her. Alice is able to infiltrate the Red Queen’s palace with the help of the White Queen, and steal the sword that will kill the Jabberwocky. They fight and Alice wins. When she goes back home, she is apprenticed to a shipping merchant because no self-respecting woman ever gets married. These differences effect the plot line and it seems as if these were two completely different plots. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz: I compared and contrasted the book, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz to the movie, The Wizard of Oz. The Wizard of Oz movie was released in 1939 and has captured viewers for years. The book, by L. Frank Baum was written in 1900 and was the inspiration behind the timeless classic of the movie. However, the movie does not follow the book at all. As a matter of fact, the names and overall idea is the only similarities to the book. The main difference between the book and movie is that in the movie Dorothy is simply dreaming and in the book Dorothy actually travels to the Land of Oz. The movie portrays the story as a dream that Dorothy has with people inShow MoreRelatedCoraline Movie And Movie Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesI will be comparing the novel â€Å"Coraline†, written by Neil Gaiman and the movie â€Å"Coraline†, direct by Henry Selick (Netflix 2009 version). There are two main differences that I noticed between the two mediums. The novel was a story about a girl and her journey by herself and the movie included a male character that helped her on her journey. The other difference that I noticed was that in the book, Coraline was searching for marbles and in the movie, she was searching for button eyes. The book

The Minister s Black Veil - 1212 Words

The Story The Minister s Black Veil is very interesting in many different ways, it catches the reader s attention. It uses American Romanticism, that is an interesting thing to use in a story to catch the reader s attention. What that is, is to elevate the imagination over reason. today Edgar Allen Poe remains popular for his hunting poems and suspenseful stories. American Romantic writers differ than the European romanticism writers. Declaration of Independence used a lot of American romanticism. The Declaration Of Independence is a very historical and important document. There were many great American Romanticism writers that wrote lots of stories to the public about themselves or about others. Washington Loving, Edgar Allen Poe which†¦show more content†¦Many people look at him in a strange way because that black veil usually represents a bad sign that is dark. Many people thought that he was wearing the black veil because he had killed someone or done some other bad and dark things. But Mr Hooper does not wear it because he killed someone. There is a Priest that is known to wear a black veil But he did not wear it because he killed someone in a bad way. He will wear it because he did kill someone, but it was unintentional, it was his friend and he killed him by accident and he felt really bad and sorry about it that he decided to wear a black veil for the rest of his life in memory of his friend that he will remember for the rest of his life. in ( Nathaniel Hawthorne 337) it introduces him wearing the black veil, and in ( Nathaniel Hawthorne 338 ) they explain the secret scene which it is not what people thought that it would be they were thinking a whole different thing. I personally was thinking a different bad reason why he was wearing that, I was thinking that he had killed someone. Another way that The Minister s Black Veil uses American Romanticism is that it uses supernatural. Supernatural refers to God, which is used in many different occas ions in this story of the minister and his black veil. For example, it uses it when they talk about Mr Hooper s scene about his black veil in ( Nathaniel Hawthorne 339). Mr Hooper is a romantic character that is very interesting to

Important to Treat Patients with Kindness and Respect Free Essays

In his book, People Care, Thom Dick shows us that while it is imperative to know and perform all the medical procedures well, it is also important to treat patients with kindness and respect. He points out that most people don’t remember much about medical procedures performed, but they do remember how they were treated. Also, he demonstrates that how patients are treated plays a big role in whether or not they decide to pursue malpractice litigation against healthcare providers. We will write a custom essay sample on Important to Treat Patients with Kindness and Respect or any similar topic only for you Order Now If patients are handled with gentleness and respect, they are more likely to forgive mistakes. He begins his book by giving us three major mistakes that the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) has made since its founding. The first mistake was to support hiring people that were inclined to hate their jobs. These people were thrill seekers and just wanted to be heroes. They only cared primarily about themselves and not enough about the patient. In order to enjoy and do well in the EMS profession, Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) need to naturally like people and have a love for helping them. The second mistake was that the EMTs were taught to expect the wrong things. They were led to believe that every call would be exciting. In reality, most calls are routine and are not exciting at all. The last mistake was that many EMS administrators treated their workers with disrespect. They applied manufacturing measures to EMS quality which made the EMTs feel less valuable. Thom Dick wants us to remember that EMS is not manufacturing; it is the most important people business ever. Next, Mr. Dick stresses that the EMT’s personal safety always comes first. He believes that they need to develop safety habits if they are to stay alive and healthy. One of the gifts that EMS gives back is situational awareness. EMTs will be put into many dangerous situations and will need situational awareness in order to stay out of harm’s way. Mr. Dick also believes that another way to stay safe is to never drive the ambulance too fast or in any other irresponsible way. Thom Dick emphasizes the need to respect others no matter how strange or different they may seem to us. EMTs meet a wide variety of people out in the field and must learn to accept them as they are. It is not an EMT’s job to judge other peoples’ personalities. Their job is to provide the best care that they are able to give. Mr. Dick feels that it is important to take the time to understand how patients are feeling. Many of the people that EMTs will meet are scared and need someone to help them feel better. One of the most important things an EMT can do for them is to simply smile. The smile needs to be genuine or the patient will feel like it is all an act and the EMT doesn’t really care. He next expresses the need to develop professional etiquette toward everyone that they meet. Respect and kindness should be shown to every person that EMTs come upon in the field. This includes other medical professionals, first responders, other drivers, co-workers, and patients. EMTs should listen to them and do all they can to cooperate. This will be easiest if they naturally like people and have no problem respecting others. Additionally, Mr. Dick feels that professional etiquette includes maintaining a professional appearance. If EMTs are poorly groomed or go around with an unkempt uniform, it reflects badly on themselves, their colleagues, and their profession. In Mr. Dick’s opinion, most of the so called â€Å"system abusers† are simply people who are overwhelmed in life or just lonely. They become desperate for someone to talk to and they know EMTs will always respond and most likely listen to them. They deserve sympathy however and not distain. Many of these people are homeless, having no one in their lives to talk to or listen to them. The author wants us to remember that, with a couple of bad breaks, we could end up homeless too and that these people should be treated with the same level of respect as everyone else. According to Mr. Dick, another group that deserves respect is the patient’s family members. If a patient is in crisis, the family is most likely in crisis as well. They can be very helpful in such things as giving the patient’s medical history, medications, and other useful information to an EMT. The family can also become formidable adversaries if they feel that the patient is being mistreated. EMTs should always listen to them and show that they really do care about their family member. Furthermore, Mr. Dick believes that being able to give comfort to the family is a required skill for all healthcare providers to have. He further states that the elderly are probably the biggest group of people that EMTs will treat in their careers. The author gives several examples in his book of how the elderly can be different from other patients and how certain things can affect them more. Mr. Dick also wants EMTs to understand how the elderly feel about the current condition of their lives. They have gone from being independent in all areas in their lives to needing elp getting dressed and cleaning themselves. They are people just like everyone else and deserve to be treated as such. Mr. Dick next warns us that EMTs will come in contact with many violent people and that they need to do all they can to stay out of danger. When EMTs come upon these people, they must do their best to keep control of their emotions and not retaliate in any way. Violent patients should still be treated with respect and still need to be cared for. Additionally, Mr. Dick informs us that EMTs may be put in a situation where they will have to â€Å"take-down† and restrain the patient. He believes that if they must do this, proper restraints should be used and they should still listen to the patient. If the patient starts to complain of breathing difficulty, the EMT must do what he can to help them. Thom Dick and his co-authors obviously put a lot of thought into writing this book. It is full of practical ways to treat our patients with respect and how to stay safe while in the field. I strongly believe that all EMS professionals and students should read this book to gain understanding of some of the challenges and dangers they will face in this critical and demanding profession. How to cite Important to Treat Patients with Kindness and Respect, Essay examples

Organizational Structure and Organizational Culture †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Structure and Organizational Culture. Answer: Introduction The following paper focuses on the various factors of the organizational structure and organizational culture. As it is a proven fact that organization and culture are very important aspects to thrive in the competitive business environment in the modern era. The selected organization for this paper is Flight Centre that is considered one of the leading organizations in the travel industry. The headquarter of this organization is situated at Brisbane in Queensland. They are considered as the largest travel outlet in the country of Australia (Flight Centre 2017). This organization was founded by graham Turner and Geoff Harris. It serves the various countries like United Kingdom, Canada, United States, United Arab Emirates, South Africa, Hong Kong, Singapore, India, China and others. The company has an annual turnover of $17 billion and the organizational structure and organizational culture of this organization has given them a unique place (Flight Centre 2017). Organizational culture Organizational culture is a concept in which various concepts are included. These various concepts are the values, goals, missions and objectives of the organizations, beliefs of the individuals, the management, faith and loyalty of the customers and several other things (Alvesson 2012). The term cultural web is also associated with the organizational culture. Every organization has their own culture and they try to be unique in this aspect. This is the method that designs the ways in which the people in the organization, the internal stakeholders like the employees and the managers should be behaving (Alvesson 2012). All the organizations must follow a certain culture by which they can achieve success in this extremely competitive culture. The employees must follow the various rules and regulations by which they are bound to dress, act and behave (Nica 2013). This represents the organizations value. In other words, the organizational culture is the face of the organization. These cultures have a deep impact on the minds of the other people like the external stakeholders like the customers, suppliers and investors (Nica 2013). Organizational culture theories There are some theories and models regarding to the organizational culture. These include the power culture, role culture, task culture and person culture (Shafritz, Ott and Jang 2015). Power culture In this kind of culture, a group of persons hold the power in the organization. These few individuals make their influence scatter through the organization. In this culture, the skills of the employees are generally overlooked and the management ranks them on what they have achieved rather than how they act or how they do the things (Shafritz, Ott and Jang 2015). As a result of this culture, the individuals can do good decision-making very quickly. However, this culture does not prove effective in long-term effectiveness. The deterioration of an organization can be due to the strong power culture. Role culture In this type of culture, the organization sets up their culture simply based on the rules. These rules have to be maintained strictly and the employees and other people in the organization should be aware of their roles and responsibilities (Shafritz, Ott and Jang 2015). The power source in this of culture is determined by the certain role of a person in their organization structure. The organizations who follow the role cultures suffer from slow decision making process all over. The organizations with role cultures are generally bureaucratic (Terry 2015). Organizational Structure The organizational structure is a certain strategy that is based on the visions and objectives of the particular organization (Ashkenas et al. 2015) The perfect organizational structure has the right to determine how the different things in an organization should be done, what roles and responsibilities should be assigned to certain able persons. The control of the organization should remain in the hands of the best persons and they should be on the same page with a good coordination (Ashkenas et al. 2015) The information should flow between the different levels of management. The decision making should be swift one by the implementation of a proper organizational structure. Theories and models of organizational structure There are many theories and models about the organization structure in the business context. These theories are classical organization theory, neoclassical organization theory, contingency theory and systems theory (Daft 2012). Contingency theory This theory of the organizational structure deals with the conflicts within organization. The structure should be designed in such a way that conflicts can be avoided. However, it has been believed that conflict is unavoidable in organizations but the contingency theory says that conflicts can be managed (Daft 2012). The organizations set their targets to meet their strategic needs in many ways. The organizations should be able to adapt changes in business environment and the people sitting on the organizational structure should take the decisions based on the contingent or current decisions. Organizational culture of Flight Centre As a leading organization in the travel industry in Australia, Flight Centre maintains an absolutely unique organizational culture that makes them thrive in and progress in the modern business environment. They believe to give importance to their employees as they are one of the most important things in the organization (Daft 2012). This shared value between the employees andmanagement helps to have a good organizational culture and success. The organization has been decorated with many things and colorful layouts that have motivated them to show their creativity and originality. Many positive cultures have been initiated to inspire the employees in great many ways. This has helped to build the characters of individuals and teams. The office environment has been designed so effectively that the employees love to come to work and take new challenges to add to the better outcomes for Flight Centre. This motivation factor has worked well for achieving a better productivity for them. The employees are much satisfied as a compatible workplace environment has been managed for them. The employees learn to collaborate with each other in order to yield high productivity (Melo et al. 2013). Plans for communal spaces have been encouraged so that conversation between employees can be done on a regular basis with the sharing of ideas and thoughts. Organizational structure of Flight Centre The organizational structure is something that guides the organization towards success. The organizational structure in the travel industry must be customer oriented as customer satisfaction is the core focus for this industry (Armstrong et al. 2015). It is simple and team-oriented. There is a small group consisting of three to seven people known as the family. These are the retail stores. Next up is the village that comprises of four to five families. They tend to work closely because of the geographic closeness. The next step is the country that has five to seven stores. The country leader leads to an effective communication between the team members along with other specialist staff. The decisions are taken by the leaders by brainstorming process or information sharing. The employees are guided by these country leaders and experts to achieve the goals and objectives of the Flight Centre. Here, the team-based structure is maintained which is very effective in gaining the organizatio nal success (Kaufman and Guerra-Lopez 2013). Conclusion This paper can be concluded by saying that Flight Centre has acquired some unique organizational culture and structure that has assisted them to be on the top of the tree in their industry. Their organizational objectives and missions will be on the same line with their adaptation of these strategies will surely improve their team work and take them to glory in their business field. This is why organizational culture and structure are the best vehicles for the organizations towards success. References Alvesson, M., 2012.Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T. and Kerr, S., 2015.The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. John Wiley Sons. Daft, R., 2012.Organization theory and design. Nelson Education. Flight Centre. (2017). Cheap Flights by Australia's Unbeatable Travel Agents - Flight Centre. [online] Available at: https://www.flightcentre.com.au/ [Accessed 3 Sep. 2017]. Kaufman, R. and Guerra-Lopez, I., 2013.Needs assessment for organizational success. American Society for Training and Development. Melo, C.D.O., Cruzes, D.S., Kon, F. and Conradi, R., 2013. Interpretative case studies on agile team productivity and management.Information and Software Technology,55(2), pp.412-427. Nica, E., 2013. Organizational culture in the public sector.Economics, Management and Financial Markets,8(2), p.179. Shafritz, J.M., Ott, J.S. and Jang, Y.S., 2015.Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning. Terry, L.D., 2015.Leadership of public bureaucracies: The administrator as conservator. Routledge.

Foundations of Research Enquiry in Health Content Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Foundations of Research Enquiry in Health for Content Analysis? Answer: The purpose of critically reviewing journal articles is to develop the ability to understand the articles and review the scientific literature (Kowalski et al., 2014). For carrying out such critical review, there is a necessity to read the article in a proper manner for understanding what the report is about, the person who is reporting and how the subject is being investigated (Jha et al., 2013). It is very much crucial to take into consideration all the details and implications of the research (Elo et al., 2014). Writing a critical review implies that a systematic examination is done, and there is a discussion of all the details of the research. It is vital to comment on both the limitations and strengths of the research while taking a position with other literature for supporting the statements (Polga Thomas, 2013). The present critical review is of a research article using the MSC-554 Guidelines for Reviewing Research Parts I II. Article: Adachi, P., Willoughby, T. (2013). Its Not How Much You Play, but How Much You Enjoy the Game: The Longitudinal Associations Between Adolescents Self-Esteem and the Frequency Versus Enjoyment of Involvement in Sports.J Youth Adolescence,43(1), 137-145. Review: The reason for conducting the research study was to examine the longitudinal association between frequency and enjoyment of involvement of sports and self-esteem of adolescents. Involvement in sports has been identified to be related with positive and constructive youth development in the society for a long time. This includes self-esteem, which makes up an important element of the features of human being that are enhanced by taking part in sports (Marques et al., 2016). Interestingly, the involvement in sports and self-esteem has been taken up for analyzing the impact both have on each other. The frequency of participating in sports has been both longitudinally and concurrently associated with higher self-esteem (Noordstar et al., 2016). There lies a hypothesis that involvement in sports causes higher degree of self-esteem with time. This is considered as a socializing effect. However, no research has been undertaken for testing the fact that higher levels of self-esteem results in more participation in sports, considered as a selection effect (Finez et al., 2012). Another very important aspect of participation in sports having relation with self-esteem is the extent to which youths enjoy taking part in sports and getting actively involved in it (Joseph et al., 2014). However, no research had been conducted previously on this concerned topic in spite of the fact that this aspect draws much attention for analyzing the impact of enjoyment of sports on self-esteem. A gap had therefore been formed in the literature that can throw light on this aspect. The present study was to address such significant gap in the literature. The aims of the research were two-fold. The first aim of the research was to undertake an examination of whether self-esteem can make a prediction of the frequency of involvement in sports with time or whether the frequency of involvement in sports can make a prediction of self-esteem with time. This was done by conducting an examination of the bidirectional association between self-esteem and the frequency of involvement in sports. The second aim of the research was to research on the bidirectional association between self-esteem and the enjoyment of sports with time. For the first goal, it was hypothesized that higher levels of self-esteem would foresee greater frequency of involvement in sports over time. This was the selection effect. There was no explicit hypothesis on the relation between frequency of involvement in sports and prediction of self-esteem. For the second goal, it was hypothesized that enjoyment of sports would be associated with self-esteem. There was no specific hypothesis regarding whether self-esteem would make a prediction of the enjoyment of sports or whether the enjoyment of sports would make a prediction of self-esteem. For addressing the goals, a longitudinal study was undertaken over a period of 4 years on high school students. There was a simultaneous assessment of the selection and socializing hypothesis in the relation between self-esteem and frequency of involvement in sports. The research also studied the bidirectional relationship between self-esteem and enjoyment of sports while controlling for the frequency of involvement in sports. Finally, there was an assessment of whether gender acted as an important moderator of the established results. A longitudinal study is the observational study where data is accumulated for a long period from the same subjects. Such study makes a comparison over time, unlike cross-sectional study, where such comparisons are made a one point of time (Le Cam et al., 2015). As the research aim was to determine the visions and feelings of the participants depending on a variable that requires long time span, that is involvement in sports, the approach of undertaking longitudinal study was best. The advantage of a longitudinal study is that there is a chance of detecting developments and changes in the features of the concerned participants in details (Magnusson, 2015). The study was conducted on 1492 number of students from eight high schools in Ontario, Canada, over a period of 4 years. The mean age was 9 to 13 years, ten months. The special feature of the study was that it was a section of a more extensive cohort-sequential project on youth lifestyle choices. 92.4 % of the participants had birth place Canada. The other ethnic background other than Canadian were French, Italian, German and British. Moreover, 70 % of the participants lived with both parents, 15% with one birth parent, 12% with one biological parent and one step-parent, and the remaining with other guardians. Participants who completed the test at a minimum of 2 points of time out of four times were included. This made up 1472 participants out of the total sample of 1771 youths. 50.8% of the participants were female. Maintaining ethics is an important part of the research (Miller et al., 2012). There are many causes why it is required to obey to ethical rules in conducting research. Ethics endore some values crucial for collaborative work, like trust, accountability and fairness. It also promotes the purpose of the research (Millum Sina, 2014). Many of the rules in ethics ensure that research can be held responsible to the public. The present study followed ethical viewpoint by getting an approval of the research procedure from the University Research Ethics Board. Informed consent from the participants is the most crucial part of following ethics. Active, informed consent was taken from the participants. The parents of the participants were also involved in the process of getting informed assent. Participants were informed that the responses would be confidential. The frequency of involvement in sports was measured with the help of two items based on a 5-point scale. The Enjoyment of Sports was also measured by a 5-point scale. The measurement of self-esteem was done with Rosenbergs Self-Esteem Scale. For assessing longitudinally the selection and socializing hypotheses between self-esteem and the frequency of involvement in sports a 4-wave autoregressive cross-lagged model in AMOS 19 was created. For further eliciting the relationship between self-esteem and sports, a test of bidirectional association between enjoyment of sports and self-esteem was added. For simultaneously assessing the selection and socializing hypothesis between enjoyment of sports and self-esteem while having control over the frequency of involvement in sports, a three wave autoregressive cross-lagged model was created in AMOS 19. Gender also included as a moderator in all the analysis. Higher degree of self-esteem were found to be having relation with greater involvement with sports. However, greater involvement in sports was not found to be having relation with higher levels of self-esteem. This supported only selection effects. When the bidirectional effects between self-esteem and enjoyment of sports were tested, it was found that both socialization and selection held true. On a specific manner, more enjoyment of sports indicated more self-esteem. Higher self-esteem gave the indication of greater enjoyment of sports. Such findings highlighted the fact that adolescents who had higher self-esteem take up sports in a more frequent manner and they also enjoy sports to a greater extent than those who have lower self-esteem. Moreover, the extent to which they enjoy sports are more significant in increasing the levels of self-esteem than the frequency of playing sports. No important differences in the pattern of findings as a function of gender was present. The study had some important limitations. These cropped up from the dependence on self-report measures. The measures of adolescents enjoyment of sports and involvement in sports were limited in several ways. Construct validity is the suitability of inferences made based on observations or measurements (Sheahan et al., 2015). For the present research, it had justified construct validity as the inferences and results could satisfy the research objectives. Internal validity is the estimated truth about inferences in relation to cause-effect relationships (Woodman, 2014). The present research had fulfilled internal validity as it was successful in establishing the cause and effect relation between frequency of taking up sports, higher enjoyment of sports and self-esteem in a clear manner. External validity is the extent to which the results of a study has the potential to be generalized to other people and situations (Mitchell, 2012). For the present research, it had external validity as the results can be generalized to the general population as there was no gender bias and discrimination of ethnicity and research setting. Future research may be carried out on the same concerned topic with some distinct changes. Future studies can benefit from undertaking assessment of the involvement of youth in sports by taking into consideration of how often they play and the period for which they play. In spite of the fact that the measure of adolescents enjoyment of sports possessed a good face validity, more advantage can be gained by using a multi-item measure, like the 8-item scale used by Shaffer and Wittes (Rizer et al. 2016) for future research. This would give the feature of assessing the internal reliability of the measure. Overall, the research study was a significant one that was successful in drawing clear answers to the research questions. The findings signify vital developments in the general conceptualizing of the relation between self-esteem and sports, making the research a reliable one. References Elo, S., Kriinen, M., Kanste, O., Plkki, T., Utriainen, K., Kyngs, H. (2014). Qualitative Content Analysis.SAGE open,4(1), 2158244014522633. Finez, L., Berjot, S., Rosnet, E., Cleveland, C., Tice, D. M. (2012). Trait self-esteem and claimed self-handicapping motives in sports situations.Journal of sports sciences,30(16), 1757-1765. Jha, D. K., Kant, T., Singh, R. K. (2013). A critical review of recent research on functionally graded plates.Composite Structures,96, 833-849. Joseph, R. P., Royse, K. E., Benitez, T. J., Pekmezi, D. W. (2014). Physical activity and quality of life among university students: exploring self-efficacy, self-esteem, and affect as potential mediators.Quality of life research,23(2), 659-667. Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth.Psychological bulletin,140(4), 1073. Le Cam, S., Perrier, C., Besnard, A. L., Bernatchez, L., Evanno, G. (2015). Genetic and phenotypic changes in an Atlantic salmon population supplemented with non-local individuals: a longitudinal study over 21 years.Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences,282(1802), 20142765. Magnusson, D. (2015).Individual Development from an Interactional Perspective (Psychology Revivals): A Longitudinal Study. Psychology Press. Marques, A., Ekelund, U., Sardinha, L. B. (2016). Associations between organized sports participation and objectively measured physical activity, sedentary time and weight status in youth.Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,19(2), 154-157. Miller, T., Birch, M., Mauthner, M., Jessop, J. (Eds.). (2012).Ethics in qualitative research. Sage. Millum, J., Sina, B. (2014). Introduction: international research ethics education.Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics,9(2), 1-2. Mitchell, G. (2012). Revisiting truth or triviality the external validity of research in the psychological laboratory.Perspectives on Psychological Science,7(2), 109-117. Noordstar, J. J., van der Net, J., Jak, S., Helders, P. J., Jongmans, M. J. (2016). Global self-esteem, perceived athletic competence, and physical activity in children: A longitudinal cohort study.Psychology of Sport and Exercise,22, 83-90. Polgar, S., Thomas, S. A. (2013).Introduction to research in the health sciences. Elsevier Health Sciences. Rizer, C. A., Fagan, M. H., Kilmon, C., Rath, L. (2016). The Role of Perceived Stress and Health Beliefs on College Students' Intentions to Practice Mindfulness Meditation.American Journal of Health Education,47(1), 24-31. Sheahan, P. J., Nelson-Wong, E. J., Fischer, S. L. (2015). A review of culturally adapted versions of the Oswestry Disability Index: the adaptation process, construct validity, testretest reliability and internal consistency.Disability and rehabilitation,37(25), 2367-2374. Woodman, R. W. (2014). The role of internal validity in evaluation research on organizational change interventions.The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science,50(1), 40-49

Mission and Vision of Mang Inasal Essay Example

Mission and Vision of Mang Inasal Essay Mang Inasal Mission and Vision â€Å"Hahanap-hanapin mo! † says Mang Inasal endorser Mark Bautista. Just one taste and you sure will crave for a Mang Inasal every time. Three cups of rice—that’s all I can gobble down while eating at Mang Inasal’s. The very first time I ate at Mang Inasal’s was in Makati about 3 years ago. Now, there’s a Mang Inasal, or should I say â€Å"many†, near our place in Cainta. From its humble beginnings in December 2003 at the Robinson’s Mall Carpark Iloilo, Mr. Edgar Sia II has certainly come a long way now that they have almost 300 branches and franchises. Find more samples like this one at Altheadlines.com, top college essay helper! This number will no doubt increase in the following years. In addition, Jollibee Foods Corporation had recently acquired 70% of Mang Inasal amounting to P3 billion. Competition is really tight amongst restaurants, fast-food or not. And the reason Mang Inasal is widely patronized by Filipinos is that the quality of their food and service is almost beyond reproach (of course nobody is perfect), and not to mention the reasonable price for each meal. For just P99 you will get almost half of a chicken, soup, and all the rice you can consume! We will write a custom essay sample on Mission and Vision of Mang Inasal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mission and Vision of Mang Inasal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mission and Vision of Mang Inasal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When you ensure the highest quality of your products, you don’t have to find people. They will find you. That’s exactly what Mang Inasal did. With their inasal (beyond any words could express how delicious, sumptuous, satisfying it is), their friendly, quick service, and the dynamic teamwork of its employees, Mang Inasal has reached success and will surely reach more heights in the future. By now, it should be obvious how much I seriously like Mang Inasal, both the food and the service. For decades to come, people will just keep coming back for more. I know I will.

Case 2-1 Carson Container Company Essay Example

Case 2-1 Carson Container Company Essay Case Questions 1. What problems does Carson Container Company have that will affect its communications? Carson’s decentralized approach to procurement was indicative of its overall strategy toward dealing with its constituencies including employees, customers, shareholders, and communities. This decentralized strategy has affected the Carson’s communications. 2. What specific problems does Mr. Haskell have as a result of his communications to materials managers? As a result of Mr. Haskell’s communications to materials managers, over the next few days, responses came in from all but a few plants. However, over the next several weeks, the headquarters heard nothing from the plants about contracts being negotiated with suppliers. Mr. Haskell’s initiative to centralize the company’s procurement procedures was not implemented successfully, and the usual procedures for that time of year continued. 3. How would you analyse this case in terms of the expanded corporate communication strategy framework (Figure 2. 2)? The expanded corporate communication strategy framework has four important elements such as messages, organization, constituencies, and constituency responses. I would analyse this case from the 4 perspectives as the following: (a)Messages: The communication channel used by Mr. Haskell is memo and sent to 30 plant material managers. Carson as a large regional manufacturer in the United States, I think memo is not effective and strong enough to convey this important message to 30 plants. Furthermore, the decentralized and uncoordinated procurement procedures of the company has been carried for a long time, hence when Mr. Haskell intended to do a revolution, it will be more difficult. We will write a custom essay sample on Case 2-1 Carson Container Company specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Case 2-1 Carson Container Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Case 2-1 Carson Container Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In this case, Mr. Haskell needs to put more effort on choosing the communication channel and structuring the messages’ contents. (b)Organization: The Carson and Mr. Haskell wanted to centralize the company’s procurement procedures and reduce the number of suppliers overall. The resources or Carson such as money, human resources and time needed to be considered during the implementation of the new procurement process. However, Mr. Haskell did not put consideration on the human resources and time dealing with this new procurement process. The Carson has 30 plants and many employees under procurement department; hence, it is not wise to have Mr. Haskell himself and his assistant, Patricia only to deal with the 30 plant material managers. Apparently, the human resource arrangement is not enough on this matter. Besides, the time chose to run this new procurement process was not appropriate because the time chose was the busiest period for procurement department, hence they would easily neglected the new procurement process. Therefore, the objective of the Carson and Mr. Haskell could not be achieved effectively because the company did not do appropriate arrangement on the human resource and time arrangement. (c)Constituencies: The constituencies in this case are the 30 plants material managers located in United States regionally. Hence, the attitude of the 30 managers towards this topic is relatively important. However, the results showed that the managers were too busy and they did not put much concerns on this matter. Hence, the objective of Mr. Haskell was not achieved at the end. From this we could see that Mr. Haskell did not analyse its constituencies carefully. He did not understand the material managers’ attitude and opinion towards the new procurement process. He failed in understanding and analysing the constituencies’ attitude, feelings and opinions which resulted in his failure of implementing the new procurement process. (d)Constituency responses: The constituency did not respond in the way the Carson and Mr. Haskell wished and they did not concern about the matter. The communication between Mr. Haskell and the constituencies has failed and definitely the objective was not accomplished in a desired manner. 4. What advice would you give Haskell to help solve his and Carson’s problems? I suggest Haskell to put these things into consideration in order to help solve his and Carson’s problems: (a)Constituencies and their responses: Haskell should analyse his constituencies including the primary constituencies such as the material managers and employees and also the secondary constituencies such as the suppliers. Specifically, Haskell should at least communicate with the 30 plants material managers to understand and research on their opinions and suggestion towards the new procurement method. He can do a survey or organize a video conference with all the managers to discuss about the topic. From the results of the communication, he could determine whether the new procurement method is a wise method and how he should carry out the new plan. (b)Messages: Haskell should put more efforts on delivering and structuring the message that he intended to send to all the material managers. He should choose multiple channels such as video conference, email, or intranet in order to deliver the message more effectively. A visual communication could be carried in order to increase the possibility and awareness of the constituencies. Besides, he could structure better of the message such as emphasizing the objective strongly and input some sentences that shows the much concern of the board of directors towards the new procurement process. (c)Organization: I suggest Haskell to set up a small committee who accounts for the whole research, implementation, development and evaluation of the new procurement process. This small committee should involve at least four to five professionals to keep track with the project. Hence, the new procurement procedure can be carried and improved in order to meet the objective which is to centralized the procurement procedure and reduce the number of suppliers overall. Besides, the implementation of the new policy should not be allocated at a busy or peak period of the procurement department. They should at least allow one month to each plant to execute the new procedure. Case 2-1 Carson Container Company Essay Example Case 2-1 Carson Container Company Essay Case Questions 1. What problems does Carson Container Company have that will affect its communications? Carson’s decentralized approach to procurement was indicative of its overall strategy toward dealing with its constituencies including employees, customers, shareholders, and communities. This decentralized strategy has affected the Carson’s communications. 2. What specific problems does Mr. Haskell have as a result of his communications to materials managers? As a result of Mr. Haskell’s communications to materials managers, over the next few days, responses came in from all but a few plants. However, over the next several weeks, the headquarters heard nothing from the plants about contracts being negotiated with suppliers. Mr. Haskell’s initiative to centralize the company’s procurement procedures was not implemented successfully, and the usual procedures for that time of year continued. 3. How would you analyse this case in terms of the expanded corporate communication strategy framework (Figure 2. 2)? The expanded corporate communication strategy framework has four important elements such as messages, organization, constituencies, and constituency responses. I would analyse this case from the 4 perspectives as the following: (a)Messages: The communication channel used by Mr. Haskell is memo and sent to 30 plant material managers. Carson as a large regional manufacturer in the United States, I think memo is not effective and strong enough to convey this important message to 30 plants. Furthermore, the decentralized and uncoordinated procurement procedures of the company has been carried for a long time, hence when Mr. Haskell intended to do a revolution, it will be more difficult. We will write a custom essay sample on Case 2-1 Carson Container Company specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Case 2-1 Carson Container Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Case 2-1 Carson Container Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In this case, Mr. Haskell needs to put more effort on choosing the communication channel and structuring the messages’ contents. (b)Organization: The Carson and Mr. Haskell wanted to centralize the company’s procurement procedures and reduce the number of suppliers overall. The resources or Carson such as money, human resources and time needed to be considered during the implementation of the new procurement process. However, Mr. Haskell did not put consideration on the human resources and time dealing with this new procurement process. The Carson has 30 plants and many employees under procurement department; hence, it is not wise to have Mr. Haskell himself and his assistant, Patricia only to deal with the 30 plant material managers. Apparently, the human resource arrangement is not enough on this matter. Besides, the time chose to run this new procurement process was not appropriate because the time chose was the busiest period for procurement department, hence they would easily neglected the new procurement process. Therefore, the objective of the Carson and Mr. Haskell could not be achieved effectively because the company did not do appropriate arrangement on the human resource and time arrangement. (c)Constituencies: The constituencies in this case are the 30 plants material managers located in United States regionally. Hence, the attitude of the 30 managers towards this topic is relatively important. However, the results showed that the managers were too busy and they did not put much concerns on this matter. Hence, the objective of Mr. Haskell was not achieved at the end. From this we could see that Mr. Haskell did not analyse its constituencies carefully. He did not understand the material managers’ attitude and opinion towards the new procurement process. He failed in understanding and analysing the constituencies’ attitude, feelings and opinions which resulted in his failure of implementing the new procurement process. (d)Constituency responses: The constituency did not respond in the way the Carson and Mr. Haskell wished and they did not concern about the matter. The communication between Mr. Haskell and the constituencies has failed and definitely the objective was not accomplished in a desired manner. 4. What advice would you give Haskell to help solve his and Carson’s problems? I suggest Haskell to put these things into consideration in order to help solve his and Carson’s problems: (a)Constituencies and their responses: Haskell should analyse his constituencies including the primary constituencies such as the material managers and employees and also the secondary constituencies such as the suppliers. Specifically, Haskell should at least communicate with the 30 plants material managers to understand and research on their opinions and suggestion towards the new procurement method. He can do a survey or organize a video conference with all the managers to discuss about the topic. From the results of the communication, he could determine whether the new procurement method is a wise method and how he should carry out the new plan. (b)Messages: Haskell should put more efforts on delivering and structuring the message that he intended to send to all the material managers. He should choose multiple channels such as video conference, email, or intranet in order to deliver the message more effectively. A visual communication could be carried in order to increase the possibility and awareness of the constituencies. Besides, he could structure better of the message such as emphasizing the objective strongly and input some sentences that shows the much concern of the board of directors towards the new procurement process. (c)Organization: I suggest Haskell to set up a small committee who accounts for the whole research, implementation, development and evaluation of the new procurement process. This small committee should involve at least four to five professionals to keep track with the project. Hence, the new procurement procedure can be carried and improved in order to meet the objective which is to centralized the procurement procedure and reduce the number of suppliers overall. Besides, the implementation of the new policy should not be allocated at a busy or peak period of the procurement department. They should at least allow one month to each plant to execute the new procedure.

Review the education system essays

Review the education system essays Education is the essence of life. The primitive man was no better than a wild animal but that same man has now become dignified and coherent to a great extent only due to education. Education helps us throughout our life. An educated person is better equipped to face any kind of dangers or difficulties that come his way at various stages of life. He not only understands the problems better but is also able to derive more logical and enhanced solutions to the problems. An educated person knows his rights and duties and so does not sustain any wrongs done to him. Education being so important is given full attention to in India too. In India, the two most recognized patterns of secondary education are the CBSE and ICSE. Both of these are organizations that affiliate the voluntary institutions to the board. The affiliated schools are then required to follow a given syllabus that is the same countrywide. The students are then assessed by means of question papers provided which are prepared by the experts of the respective fields. This education system is somewhat good as the students are evaluated at national level and in a set pattern. But the system has more cons than pros. The worst is the presence of two boards itself. The problem is that an institute affiliated to a certain board considers any student of the other board to be below par of a student who is scoring the same in their board. This leads to the students being spellbound to a certain board and reduces the alternates available for higher education. Another problem is the syllabus. It is far too wide in scope and results in the students ending up studying all day and night long. This in turn starts to affect the health of the students. The syllabus has now, in many terms, become obsolete and the students are thus forced to study heaps of matter about topics that will by far not be of any use besides in school life. A definite solution to this is th ...

Classroom versгs Online Tutorials

Classroom versÐ ³s Online Tutorials Introduction The contemporary world has witnessed robust technological innovations, which have significantly transformed most of the socio-economic and political operations. For example, information technology has revolutionized the education sector, and students can today learn comfortably at home without necessarily having to attend school.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Classroom versÐ ³s Online Tutorials specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the advent of online classes, many stakeholders in education have conducted serious studies to determine its reliability and validity. For example, some studies have revealed that many learners are willing to attend the normal class sessions since they are skeptical about the quality of online classes. On the other hand, students that have successfully accomplished their online programs argue that it provides the best learning experience. It is against this background that this paper seeks to compare traditional classes with online ones. Classroom verses Online Tutorials Many students attend normal classes because they not only enable them to learn the curriculum, but they also give them a chance to share their learning experiences with their classmates and teachers. For example, a properly conducted classroom discussions and debates can motivate students to learn social skills such as teamwork, and they develop good oral skills during such sessions. On the other hand, online group activities are carried out through discussion boards, which in some cases are not very interactive. Nonetheless, online class interactions may enable students to relate with their colleagues from very diverse social cultural backgrounds compared to classrooms that attract majority of students from a given locality. A traditional class provides a holistic approach to learning because it enables students to develop leadership and teamwork. For example, a class representative or a student leader can nature his or her leadership skills. In addition, traditional classes also offer co-curriculum studies, which enable students to identify and develop their talents. Such activities have enabled students to become great sports personalities and musicians. Online classes do not have co-curriculum activities and students have to make personal arrangements to access such services. In the absence of such services, students can resort to online social networks and some of them may engage in addictive games like online gambling which may affect their level concentration in studies.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Traditional classes have restrictive learning schedules that are offered within specific timeframes. Students and instructors are compelled to adhere to the preset learning program. Some tutors are very strict to time management and usually l ock out late students. To some extent, this enables students to realize the importance of time management and working under restrictive plans. Thus, students that attend traditional classes are more likely to develop good time management skills than those taking online lessons. In the case of online lessons, learners have the freedom to learn at their own time, and they have flexible deadlines to accomplish their assignments. This enables students to cope with both their vocational activities and family responsibilities. Online studies are also convenient for students with serious physical disabilities who may find it rather difficult to cope with normal school routines. Nonetheless, upholding self-discipline is very difficult in the online mode of learning compared to traditional classes due to the absence of strict deadlines. The modes of communication in these two models of learning are quite different. For example, in a traditional learning setting, a student can pose a question and he or she can immediately get answers from the tutor. In the online learning model, questions are channeled to the instructor through the discussion board, and he or she may take long before responding. Moreover, some questions are debatable and may not be answered properly through online communication. Sometimes, individual communication will assist the learner better comprehend the response to his questions compared to conversation boards where responses are often short. Many individuals regard online classes cost effective since students learn at home. However, a characteristic home environment has several distractions, which can interfere with online classes. Children can interfere with online class sessions when they are playing in the house.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Classroom versÐ ³s Online Tutorials specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"Even if a student lives alone, distractions may come in t he form of phone calls, trips to the kitchen and a compelling desire to check ones email just one more time†. With traditional classes, there is usually a serene environment for learning. Traditional classes are better than online sessions especially when learners are taking courses that are instruction intensive. For example, some computer courses can be learnt better through physical contact with instructors especially when complicated concepts are to be leant. In such circumstances, â€Å"an online course that is mostly text-based may make it more difficult for a student to learn the material†. Conclusion The above discussion demonstrates that both traditional tutorials and online lessons have challenges and advantages. Therefore, when a student is choosing a mode of learning, he or she should consider the affordability of a given mode of learning and the amount of time needed to accomplish it. Lastly, a student willing to enroll for an online program should first sc rutinize the credibility of a given online institution to avoid falling prey of fraudsters who offer bogus online tutorials. Globokar, Julie. Introduction to Online Learning: A Guide for Students. New York: SAGE, 2010. Print. Kearsley, Greg and Michael Moore. Distance education: a systems view. New York: Wadsworth, 2006. Print. Lynch, Maggie. Learning Online: A Guide to Success in the Virtual Classroom. Oxford: Taylor Francis, 2004. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

How to Quote Sources with APA Referencing

How to Quote Sources with APA Referencing How to Quote Sources with APA Referencing APA style referencing is used for citing sources in academic writing in a variety of disciplines, including the social and behavioral sciences. This is important because, when writing a college paper, you need to show your reader how you’ve drawn upon past research. A big part of this is indicating clearly when you’ve quoted someone else’s work, as failure to do so could be interpreted as plagiarism. As such, it’s vital you know how to quote sources with APA referencing before you start writing. The Basics of Quoting a Source Obviously, most of your paper should be in your own words. However, quoting sources is useful if your argument depends on the words used by another author. When you do quote a source, you need to use â€Å"quotation marks† and give an in-text citation including the author’s surname, year of publication and relevant page numbers after the quoted text: Ricoeur is said to have â€Å"sought to separate his philosophical writings from his theological writings† (Sohn, 2013, p. 159). If the author is named in the text, give the year of publication immediately afterwards, then the page numbers after the quotation: Sohn (2013) writes that Ricoeur â€Å"sought to separate his philosophical writings from his theological writings† (p. 159). You can also give page numbers when paraphrasing a source, though this is only required if you feel it is necessary for the reader to find the relevant section in the original. Sources with No Page Numbers If a source lacks page numbers, such as a website, provide a paragraph number instead. In longer documents that lack page numbers, like an e-book, you may also have to provide a section title: Paraphrasing restates someone else’s words in a new way (Lee, 2015, para. 3). Long Quotations If the passage you are quoting is more than 40  words long, it should be formatted as a block quotation. This means presenting the quotation on a new line and indented roughly 0.5 inches. Block quotations don’t require quotation marks, but you should still give a citation. After the quotation, you continue with the formatting used throughout the rest of your document. This would look something like the following: Ricoeur’s position on Christian philosophy is summarized as follows: His reflections on the matter, however, were not merely an occasional work or a passing period in his thought, but rather it was an issue to which he would turn time and again throughout his career with each development becoming ever more complex and nuanced. (Sohn, 2015, p.164) Given this, we can come to the following conclusions†¦

Macroeconomics vs. microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Macroeconomics vs. microeconomics - Essay Example Macroeconomics uses the general equilibrium theory to study the economy as a whole. The aggregates used by macroeconomics for the study include national income as well as output, the rate of unemployment and inflation level. It also uses some sub aggregates like spending on consumptions and investments and their components. Macroeconomics also examines the effect of fiscal and monetary policy. It can be characterized as modeling of sectors on the basis of some micro components. The factors that have the potential to affect the long term growth prospects as well as can affect the level of national income is not outside the purview of macroeconomic analysis. The factors that have such kind of potential include changes in technology, capital accumulation and growth of the labor force (Cencini, 2005, p. 2). The models of macroeconomics and the forecasted results determined using those models is in need for the government as well as for the large ownerships as this kind of analysis will h elp them in their path of development and build new strategies of business. Some of the famous macroeconomic models include Aggregate demand and the aggregate supply model and the ISLM model. The once divided fields of monetary policy and the business cycles led to the emergence of macroeconomics. The contribution of J.M. Keynes to macroeconomics cannot be ignored. His book â€Å"General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money† depicts the key concepts of macroeconomics. He offered a modern theory of economics which dealt with the problem on why the market is not clear and eventually a school of economists evolved who seemed to follow the Keynesian theory (Andolfatto, 2005, p. 2). Microeconomics It deals with the behavior of the basic elements within the economy. The agents involved in microeconomics include households and firms. It mainly tries to analyze the behavior of the firms and households with the market (Barro, 1997, p. 3). Microeconomics can be defined as the study of economics that analyses the actions of the individual players and structure of the markets where they operate. Microeconomics takes care of the private, domestic as well as the public players. The study relating to the interaction of these players in the market is called microeconomics. The various structures of market that is examined in microeconomics include perfect competition, monopoly, and monopolistic competition. Production is defined under microeconomics as inputs into outputs. Production can thus be defined as the flow of output over a period of time. The most directly observable attributes under microeconomics are price and quantity. The coordination or the relationship of price with quantity demanded is explained using the law of demand (Dilts, 2004). The law of demand is applied in microeconomics to determine the price and output in a market structure of perfect competition where no sellers or the buyers have the capability to determine or control the market price. Microeconomic analysis is applied by the business firms as they involve themselves in quantitative research and statistical methods with the aim to make strategic decisions. One of the objectives of microeconomics is to analyze the mechanisms of market. It sets up the relative prices amongst the services and the goods and also allocates the limited resources among the many available alternative uses. Some of the significant fields of study under this branch of economics include asymmetric information, general

How The Media Has Influenced in the Construction of the US Latino Essay

How The Media Has Influenced in the Construction of the US Latino Identity - Essay Example This study has been prompted by some of the urgent issues about Latinos and their image, portrayed by American media. By analyzing the way in which U.S. magazines covered Latinos, this study raises the following questions, such as what was the number of magazine stories about Latinos, what were the topics of these stories, what are the main themes found in the coverage of Latinos. This mounting influence the Latino community has in U.S. society coupled with the important role of the news media warrants a study that examines how Latinos are represented in U.S. mainstream news magazines. The study went on to expound on the portrayals of Latinos. Since the majority of the stories were about immigration, the study focused on how Latinos were portrayed in this capacity. Latino immigrants in these magazines were presented in a negative fashion and were seen as a threat and a ‘disruptive force in U.S. society. However, it must also be included that six of these stories of immigration and other Latino focused articles portrayed them in a positive fashion in a political capacity. This literature review has shown that in U.S. advertisements, Latinos are either being underrepresented, misrepresented or not represented at all in U.S. consumer magazines. However, underrepresentation is a poor marketing strategy as the majority of consumers are Latinos. Generally, Latinos are being represented in U.S. consumer magazines as blue collar workers like janitors or cleaning people as well as dirty and lazy immigrants.

News Article Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

News Article - Assignment Example According to the report by National Center for health Statistics and the newspaper, data indicates a 76% increase in the rate of twin births in the US (BAKALAR). The article educates about the dangers of using fertility drugs. The fertility drugs interrupts with the cycles and induces hormones in the bodies of females. The drugs also enhance sexual activities leading to more sexual contacts and eventual fertilization. The most important poit to learn from the article is that the fertility drugs interfere with women cycles hence may increase the rate of fertilization. The article is valid scientifically and can be supported by various points. One is the fundamental reason that hormones, which can be induced or suppressed by drugs, control the process of pregnancy. This knowledge has led to increased use of drugs to enhance the process of pregnancy. The drugs have several effects amongst them being the multiple births. BAKALAR, NICHOLAS. Twin Births in the U.S., Like Never Before. 23 January 2012. 2013 . Two-thirds of the increase is probably explained by the growing use of fertility drugs and assisted reproductive technology. The remainder is mainly attributable to a rise in the average age at which women give birth. Older women are more likely to produce more than one egg in a cycle, and 35 percent of births in 2009 were to women over age 30, up from 20 percent in 1980. This age-induced increase applies only to fraternal twins, though; the rate of identical twin births does not change with the age of the mother. From 1980 through 2004, increases in twin birth rates averaged more than 2 percent a year, but from 2004 to 2009, the increase slowed to 1 percent annually. Joyce A. Martin, the lead author of the report, suggested that better techniques in fertility enhancement procedures may have

Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Marketing - Assignment Example Students of economics are, of course, aware that in traditional economic theorising, the analysis of the firm and its behaviour is built upon the assumption that firms operate in such a manner as to maximize their profits. Economists, however, do not discount the possibility that there may be other objects of desire that entrepreneurs may pursue and try to maximise, for example, power, a quiet life, prestige, social service, and may be a host of others. But, so far no theory of the firm within the framework of a 'free market' economy has been developed on any one of the above premises. So the theorem of profit maximization continues to remain central to the study of the business firm. And profits can be made by a firm only through selling its products in the market. Market and marketing are essential ingredients in a firm's search for profit. Market positioning and the strategies adopted to gain an advantageous competitive position for selling its product will determine the firm's degree of success in 'maximising' its profit. In this paper we consider a few of the market strategies that firms adopt particularly, those of 'target market' and 'differential advantages' to secure an advantageous position in the market. We shall also discuss alternative marketing strategies and relate all to the market provision of education particularly by local authorities in UK. . . The general definition of a market is a coming together of buyers and sellers to exchange products or services or both and the concept includes both non-profit as well as profit-taking enterprises. Marketing is purposeful interaction in the market by sellers and buyers through exchange. Marketing is seen as activity that is distinct from selling (Fennell, 1987). Philip Kotler (Kotler & Fox, 1995) offers the following: 'Marketing is the analysis, planning, implementation and control of carefully formulated programs designed to bring about voluntary exchanges of values with target markets to achieve institutional objectives. Marketing involves designing the institution's offerings to meet the target markets' needs and desires, and using effective pricing, communication, and distribution to inform, motivate, and service these markets.' (p. 6). Target Market A one sentence description of a target market is that it is the market segment to which a particular product is marketed. It is defined by age, gender and socio-economic grouping. 'Targeting strategy' is usually the selection of the customers the firm wishes to service. The decisions involved in targeting strategy include: which segments to target; how many products to offer; and which products to offer in which segments There are three steps to targeting: namely, market segmentation, target choice and product positioning. And targeting strategy decisions are influenced by: market maturity, diversity of buyers' needs and preferences, strength of the competition and the volume of sales required for profitability Targeting can be selective, for example, focus

Buttled water Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Buttled water - Case Study Example The fact is that bottled water is operating in a very harmful market environment. This is especially true because the people who would be its primary consumers, such as health conscious people, also tend to be most acutely aware of the supposed problems of sustainability associated with bottled water. Many bottled water brands have good public images and popularity, but the fact remains that bottled water is an expensive commodity that people can easily get for free by buying home filtration units and a permanent bottle, such as aluminum ones that are becoming so popular. I would recommend that bottled water companies continue to support their primary product while simultaneously diversifying in order to be able to escape if the market continues to be more and more hostile to their product. Luckily, diversifying is somewhat easy. A bottled water company could make and market home filtration units with permanent bottles, building off of their brand popularity, and then marketing their traditional bottled water as an emergency or convenience item. They could also begin adding additives to their water, such as vitamins, minerals and nutrients, in order to make their product differentiated from what people could get at home. Bottled water, as an industry, may be on the decline, and i f that is the case companies need to prepare for the

Indian television in the era of globalization Essay Example for Free

Indian television in the era of globalization Essay Since its birth in 1959, it seems that Indian television has developed in a way that is similar to most of the world’s broadcasting sectors. Conquered by technological progress, particularly by the major advance that the introduction of satellite transmissions represents, the Indian television sector broke with its old practices to enter the era of globalization to which the opening to foreign players, the competition regime and the respect of commercial requirements are essential components. The successive evolutions that Indian television underwent seem to confirm Marshall McLuhan’s theory of a â€Å"global village†, which describes how the world has been contracted into a homogenized space by the media revolution. However, this simplistic vision denies the specificities of India as a culture and as a country, which became the specificities of Indian television. With 22 official languages, an enormous and heterogeneous population, one of the world’s largest territories and a tendency to continuously swing between tradition and modernity, India admittedly adapted its television sector to the globalized context but also imposed its restrictions and particularities. How did Indian television become integrated to the globalized media system while protecting its identity and imposing its requirements? With the successive evolutions – the technological progresses, the shift from an educational project to a competitive, consumer-oriented and profit-making market and the exportation of foreign programs and production methods – it underwent in the early 20th century, Indian television indeed got integrated into the globalized and transnational media system. As such it became a privileged target of know-how transfers coming from the West and a market of economic interest for foreign players. Heterogeneity constitutes India’s major specificity and its television sector could not have got established regardless to it. Even if it decided to enter the process of globalization, Indian television endeavored to defend and promote the country’s linguistic, territorial, social and cultural diversity. The Indian broadcasting space definitely does not get homogenized. On the contrary, it constantly reports the main oppositions that ceaselessly stimulate and drive the Indian population – tradition and modernity, local and global, urban and rural, well-off and impoverished. The example of the Indian television sector demonstrates that India is not passively affected by globalization but constitutes one of its major actors: it manages to make the country’s voice heard and to impose its requirements and its power of cultural appropriation at international level. BIBLIOGRAPHY DEPREZ C., La tà ©là ©vision indienne : un modà ¨le d’appropriation culturelle, De Boeck, 2006. DESAI M. K.,  « Indian television in the era of globalisation : unity, diversity or disparity ?  », in Quaderns del CAC, 202, no. 14 3-12. DURAND-DASTES F.,  « L’Inde dans la mondialisation  » in LEFORT I. and MORINIAUX V. (dir.), La mondialisation, Editions du temps, 2006, 235-256. JULURI V.,  « Music television and the invention of youth culture in India  », in Sage Journals, 2002, vol. 3 no. 4 367-386. KUMAR S., Gandhi meets primetime : globalization and nationalism in Indian television, University of Illinois Press, 2005. RANGANATHAN M., RODRIGUES U. M., Indian media in a globalised world, Sage publications, 2010. SINCLAIR J., HARRISON M.,  « Globalization, nation and television in Asia : the cases of India and China  », in Sage Journals, 2004, vol. 5 no. 1 41-54.

Challenges to Pradhan Manti Jan Dhan Yojana

Challenges to Pradhan Manti Jan Dhan Yojana A Study of Challenges and Problems Faced While Implementing  Pradhan Manti Jan Dhan Yojana Shilpi Pal Dr. M.S.Khan Research Scholar Head/Coordinator (MBA M.Phil Programme), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow Abstract The biggest development by the NDA government in the year 2014 is introducing first social welfare scheme that is â€Å"Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana†. The purpose of introducing this scheme is financial inclusion launched by our Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi on 28th August, 2014. Mr. Modi has come up with this scheme on his first Independence Day speech on 15th August, 2014 which is a National mission for a financial inclusion. This scheme is based on â€Å"Sab ka sath sab ka vikas† that is inclusive growth. The basic aim of this scheme is that every family living in India must have bank accounts and must enroll in bank with Zero balance account. This is the first step to bring out economic quality in country. This paper highlights the problem and challenges faced while implementing the scheme. Also try to point out basic reason not to turn all people for adopting this scheme although it is Zero Balance account scheme which will be opened in all nationalized and pr ivate bank. Keywords- Financial Inclusion, National Mission, Inclusive Growth, Economic Quality Introduction Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) is National Mission for Financial Inclusion to ensure access to financial services, like Saving and Deposit Accounts,Remittance, Credit, Insurance, Pension in an affordable manner. Mr. Narendra Modi our prime minister has announced this scheme on his first independence speech on 15th Augst, 2014. The Objective of PMJDY is financial inclusion and intensive growth along with the improvement of economic status of our country. The aim behind PMJDY is that every family or household have their own account and can access banking facility easily so that everyone become evenly a part of country specially a lower section of society who may easily not able to get these facilities prior to PMJDY. The name Jan Dhan was chosen through an online competition on the MyGov Platform.Slogan of this scheme is â€Å"Mera Khata – Bhagya Vidhata.† PMJDY Account can be opened at Business Correspondent (Bank Mitr) outlet or at Bank branches.PMJDY gives the facility of Overdraft that is up to Rs.5000/- is available in only one account per household after 6 months of satisfactory carry out of accounts. On the first day itself 1.5 crore accounts were opened under this scheme. Then around 12.58 crore accounts were opened by 28th January, 2015. Joint account can also be opened under this scheme. The scheme has been started with a target to provide universal access to banking facilities starting with Basic Banking Accounts with overdraft facility of Rs.5000 after six months andRuPayDebit card with inbuilt accident insurance cover of Rs. 1 lakh and RuPay Kisan Card. Literature Review Dr.Anupama Sharma and Ms. Susmita Kukreja has discussed in their paper that â€Å"The study focuses on the role of financial inclusion, in strengthening the India’s position in relation to other countries economy. For analyzing such facts data for the study has been gathered through secondary sources including report of RBI, NABARD, books on financial inclusion and other articles written by eminent authors. Dr.G.H. Barhate and Ms. V.R.Jagtap has include includes study of various financial inclusion and to evaluate progress and current status of financial inclusion of the State in their research paper C. Paramasivan and V. Ganeshkumar discussed in his ppaper that Financial inclusion is aimed at providing banking and financial services to all people in a fair, transparent and equitable manner at affordable cost. This paper is an attempt to discuss the overview of financial inclusion in India. Objectives of the Study The basic objectives of my study are: To Know the reason behind introducing Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana(PMJDY) To recognize awareness among people for this financial inclusion. To understand the problems and challenges faced in implementing PMJDY. To find out effect on banking sector after adopting this financial inclusion. Research Methodology My study is purely based on secondary data which include, Existing Articles, Newspapers, websites, online articles and Research Paper published in different journals. Through these secondary data and information available I have done my research on green advertising so deeply to meet up with the objective of the study. Result and Discussions It is good initiation for the purpose of financial inclusion and economic growth. Many have found positive aspect behind the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana specially the lower segment of country who feels more comfortable now as they easily take step in banking sector and have their own accounts with special facilities like Overdraft facility, RuPay card, Kisan card facility etc. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Jan_Dhan_Yojana Challenges and Problems faced by PMJDY Implementation- The Connectivity Challenge – As we know around 68% of population lives in rural areas which need to be connected through complete banking system to avail this facility which is huge business potential for the banking sector .But it throws up connectivity-related challenges that need to be addressed in rural areas. Lack of physical and digital connectivity is posing a major hurdle in achieving financial inclusion for rural India. Technological Issue- The technological issues affecting banks from poor connectivity, networking and bandwidth problems to managing costs of maintain infrastructure especially in rural areas. To meet the increasing demands for banking services, banks often depend on passive optical network connectivity, for which they end up paying high costs to internet service providers. Infrastructure of banks in rural areas- It is about the connectivity in banking system. The connections in rural areas are not reliable and fall shorts on bandwidth. An alternative option must be adopted to connect in rural areas branches through satellite links. Banking through WAN or internet link of lower bandwidth at remote locations repeatedly suffers with video delays, slow browsing, slow file transfer, slow upload and download of files, failing to meet the demands of account holders at particular time. Are really people who don’t have account will turn around – This is the one of the major problem as most of the people are aware of it but still they are not turning into bank account user may be because they are not still understand the proper channel of opening bank account under Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna. Gender Gap- There is major gender gap in banking sector; by 2012 for every 1,000 deposit accounts in the name of men, just 394 were opened in the name of women. Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat were even worse than the national banking sex ratio, while Delhi and the four southern States were better. ATM Network-People may face problem due to ATM in rural areas as there is low network of ATM so people are not well know how to use ATM. New account opening Creating new account is not challenge but transaction of this account is a challenge. As staff which is already there may find pressure if there is lot of people come with the problem at a time. Procedure not clear Most of the people are aware but still so many are not turned around as they are not understanding the proper procedure of opening account and required document at a time. Coverage of Difficult areas Many areas like parts of North East, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu Kashmir etc. are facing challenges of infrastructure and telecom connectivity . In these areas all household may not be fully covered under campaign Brand Awareness and sensitization- Customer must get proper awareness about the PMJDY and their benefit after opening account. All thing must clear to customer and made aware that overdraft of up to ` 5,000/- to be provided in their account is a credit facility which needs to be repaid in order to get fresh limits and is not a grant. Findings During research I found the major challenges and problem faced while Implementation of Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana which is discussed above under the heading of challenges and problems. Still there are few points which need to be taken into consideration- It is not clear that those customers who have existing saving accounts without RuPay card will get other benefit or not. No clarity on that which has already accounts before announcement of accidental insurance coverage will get this benefit of 1 lakh accidental insurance coverage. Customers are not able to follow proper channel of opening account as they are not much aware about the procedure and benefits to the account holder. No awareness to the customers who will be going to wear bill of insurance premium and cost to keep account running. Banking staff may feel pressure as so many accounts are opening under this scheme. Suggestions There are lots of activities are going around so that everyone get aware about it and must open account under this who don’t have account in the bank and for those who may face problem in opening bank account prior to PMJDY. Awareness program is going through proper channel like Print Media, T.V, Radio, Banner and poster almost outside every bank etc. The result has been seen positive and almost everyone has opened account. But bank in rural areas are facing few problem like low connectivity, Less ATM machines etc. For this reason there are few suggestions which need to implement for the better banking service in the remote locations and they are- Bank must switch to WAN Optimization- Banks need to switch to WAN Optimization Controllers that support tunneling protocol/storage protocol capable of accelerating remote application delivery, thereby speeding up the delivery of banking services. WAN optimization controllers speed up data transfers and reduce application response time over wide area networks by reducing the amount of traffic transmitted between remote offices and between remote locations. This helps banks increase application response time significantly. Facilitate more ATM in remote locations- As in rural areas we see few ATM due to which everyone may not access ATM so much and they don’t know how to use. So, if everyone has account under PMJDY means they carry RuPay card and debit card for that purpose they need to access ATM machines. Awareness Campaign in Rural Areas- There should be proper awareness programs in remote locations about the PMJDY so that everyone must aware about the benefit and need of opening account and they must open account to run with economy. Bankers must give proper information about documentation and other facilities- People must aware about the document needed while opening account and if document is not there then other alternative way for opening account and other benefits related to the account opening like overdraft facility, accidental insurance etc. must be told to the person. As many people think if they don’t have single document they are not able to open the account but under PMJDY there is alternative solution to this problem but people are not aware about this. So banker must take interest and tell detail about it. Conclusion For the financial inclusion and economic growth this turn to be one of the best initiatives under which everyone can enjoy the banking facility as well as economic parity among everyone. It has turned into positive response where public sector players has opened 11.5 crore accounts under PMJDY covering 99.74 households and paving the way for transfer of over Rs 65,000 crore of subsidies and other transfers directly into these accounts. Almost every Indian is now into banking system expects inaccessible households of remote location. After one of the survey it come out thet out of 21.05 crore households, 20.99 crore have access to bank facility. As new technology introduced by National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), a person can transfer funds, check balance through a normal phone which was earlier limited only to smart phones so far. Mobile banking for the poor would be available through National Unified USSD Platform (NUUP) for which all banks and mobile companies have come t ogether. For better acceleration in rural areas of banking sector these steps are taken by which an account holder feels comfortable in running account very well. References Sharma Anupam and Kukereja Sushmita (2013) .An Analytical study: Relevence of Financial Inclusion for developing nations. International Journal of Engeneering And Science, PP15-20 Paramasivan C. and Ganeshkumar V. (2013).Overview of Financial Inclusion in India. International Journals of Management and Development Studies 2(3) PP45-49 Barhate G.H. and Jagtap V.R. (2014).Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana: National Mission on Financial Inclusion. Indian Journal Of Applied Research 4(12) PP340-342 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Jan_Dhan_Yojana http://www.businessworld.in/news/economy/pm%E2%80%99s-jan-dhan-yojana-the-connectivity-challenge/1646746/page-1.html http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Jan-Dhan-covers-99-7-households/articleshow/45960195.cms http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pradhan-mantri-jan-dhan-yojana-faces-access-deficit/article6363310.ece